Alternatives to the use of vertebrate animals in ecotoxicity testing – Progress so far

There is a growing need for alternatives to the use of vertebrate animals in the hazard assessment of chemicals. Many regulatory frameworks, including REACH (e.g., the European Union’s regulation on the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals), stipulate that vertebrate tests should be conducted only as a last resort. Nevertheless, there is still a […]
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Adopting New Approach Methodologies (NAM) in the next generation risk assessment (NGRA)

The term “new approach methodologies” (NAMs) has been emerged as a descriptive reference to any non-animal-based approaches that can be used to provide information in the context of chemical hazard and risk assessment. These new approaches include integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATAs), defined approaches for data interpretation, and performance-based evaluation of test methods.
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